Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: NGF, BDNF, and NO in Myopic Subjects: Relationships Between Aqueous Levels and Lens Epithelial Cells’ Activation

doi: 10.3390/ijms26136350

Figure Lengend Snippet: NGF and BDNF levels in aqueous from myopic patients. ELISA assay detected decreasing protein levels of NGF ( A ) and BDNF ( C ) in correlation with increasing axial length ( B , D ). The Spearman rho test showed that NGF correlated positively with BDNF ( E ). Significant levels are shown in the panels (** p ≤ 0.005; *** p ≤ 0.0005), as calculated using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by a Dunn’s post-hoc test (mean ± SEM). Correlation data (coefficient and p value) are shown in the plot.

Article Snippet: Conventional DuoSet ® Kits were used for human βNGF (DY256-05) and BDNF (DY248-05) detection (R&D Systems, McKinley Place, Minneapolis, MN, USA).

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: NGF, BDNF, and NO in Myopic Subjects: Relationships Between Aqueous Levels and Lens Epithelial Cells’ Activation

doi: 10.3390/ijms26136350

Figure Lengend Snippet: Transcript expression of NGF and BDNF pathways in LEC. Bar graph showing the transcript expression specific for NGF and BDNF pathways: ( A ) βNGF mRNA upregulation and ( B ) BDNF mRNA downregulation as functions of myopia severity. A consistent transcript deregulation was observed for trkA NGFR ( C ) as a function of disease severity, while trkB BDNFR deregulation ( D ) was observed specifically for myopia. The pan-neurotrophin p75 NTR mRNA increased depending on myopia severity ( E ). REST-ANOVA analysis was performed to compare expression for each subgroup with respect to emmetropes used as a control (herein referred as 2, white box). Red dot lines are referred to 2log-FC PCR biological significance. p -values are shown by asterisks (* p ≤ 0.05; ** p ≤ 0.005; *** p ≤ 0.0005 and **** p ≤ 0.0001), as calculated by REST-ANOVA coupled to a Kruskal–Wallis post-hoc test.

Article Snippet: Conventional DuoSet ® Kits were used for human βNGF (DY256-05) and BDNF (DY248-05) detection (R&D Systems, McKinley Place, Minneapolis, MN, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Control

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: NGF, BDNF, and NO in Myopic Subjects: Relationships Between Aqueous Levels and Lens Epithelial Cells’ Activation

doi: 10.3390/ijms26136350

Figure Lengend Snippet: βNGF and BDNF correlations with αSMA in LEC. Scatterplots representative of βNGF ( A ) and BDNF ( B ) transcripts plotted against αSMA . The Spearman rho test showed that βNGF correlated positively with the contractile αSMA transcript expression ( A ). On the contrary, BDNF correlated negatively with respect to αSMA expression ( B ). Correlation data (coefficient and p value) are shown in the plot as 2log-expression values (fold changes).

Article Snippet: Conventional DuoSet ® Kits were used for human βNGF (DY256-05) and BDNF (DY248-05) detection (R&D Systems, McKinley Place, Minneapolis, MN, USA).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: NGF, BDNF, and NO in Myopic Subjects: Relationships Between Aqueous Levels and Lens Epithelial Cells’ Activation

doi: 10.3390/ijms26136350

Figure Lengend Snippet: NO and nitrite correlations with NGF and BDNF. The bar graph shows nitrites ( A ) and NO ( B ) protein levels in humor aqueous from myopia and high myopia compared with emmetropia; the Pearson rho test showed inverted correlation between NGF/nitrites, NGF/NO, BDNF/nitrites, and BDNF/NO, respectively, in panel ( C – F ). Significant levels are shown in the panels (** p ≤ 0.005), as calculated using a Kruskal–Wallis test followed by a Dunn’s post-hoc test (mean ± SEM). Correlation data (coefficient and p value) are shown in the plot.

Article Snippet: Conventional DuoSet ® Kits were used for human βNGF (DY256-05) and BDNF (DY248-05) detection (R&D Systems, McKinley Place, Minneapolis, MN, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: NGF, BDNF, and NO in Myopic Subjects: Relationships Between Aqueous Levels and Lens Epithelial Cells’ Activation

doi: 10.3390/ijms26136350

Figure Lengend Snippet: LEC and oxidative stress. Differences between high myopia and myopia are shown for iNOS ( A ) and related NGF and BDNF correlations ( B , C ), NOX1 ( D ) and related NGF and BDNF correlations ( E , F ), NOX4 ( G ) and related NGF and BDNF correlations ( H , I ), KEAP1 ( J ) and related NGF and BDNF correlations ( K , L ), and NRF2 ( M ) and related NGF and BDNF correlations ( N , O ) as indicated by asterisks according to the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by a Dunn’s post-hoc test (mean ± SEM) and correlation p values. Note the significant increase in iNOS mRNA ( A ), NOX1 mRNA ( D ), NOX4 mRNA ( G ), KEAP1 mRNA ( J ), and the significant decrease in NRF2 mRNAs ( M ) in high myopia vs. emmetropia. Note also the significant increase in iNOS mRNA ( A ), NOX1 mRNA ( D ), and NOX4 mRNA ( G ) in high myopia vs. myopia. KEAP1 mRNA ( J ) and NRF2 mRNA ( M ) were also significantly increased in myopia vs. emmetropia. Data are 2Log (fold changes, ±SEM), calculated with respect to emmetropic eyes used as controls and referred to as 1 (white box). Red dotted lines indicate the level of significance for relative PCR. Significant levels are shown as calculated using one-way ANOVA analysis (* p ≤ 0.05; ** p ≤ 0.005; and *** p ≤ 0.0005). Correlation data (coefficient and p value) are shown in the scatterplots’ representation of βNGF and BDNF transcripts (2Log, fold changes) plotted against oxidative stress mediators (2Log, fold changes).

Article Snippet: Conventional DuoSet ® Kits were used for human βNGF (DY256-05) and BDNF (DY248-05) detection (R&D Systems, McKinley Place, Minneapolis, MN, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: NGF, BDNF, and NO in Myopic Subjects: Relationships Between Aqueous Levels and Lens Epithelial Cells’ Activation

doi: 10.3390/ijms26136350

Figure Lengend Snippet: LEC and epigenetic mediators. Bar graph showed DNMT3α mRNA ( A ) and HD1 mRNA ( B ) increased expression depending on myopia severity in LEC. Particularly, significant changes were observed for DNMT3α mRNA ( A ) and HD1 mRNA ( B ) between high myopia and emmetropia, and for DNMT3α mRNA ( A ) between myopia and emmetropia. No significant changes were observed for both DNMT3α mRNA and HD1 mRNA ( B ) between high myopia and myopia ( A , B ). Significant levels are shown in the panels (* p ≤ 0.05; and ** p ≤ 0.005), as calculated using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by a Dunn’s post-hoc test (mean ± SEM). Red dot lines are referred to 2log-FC PCR biological significance. The Pearson rho test showed direct correlation between βNGF / DNMT3α ( C ) and βNGF / HD1 ( D ) and an inverted correlation between BDNF / DNMT3α ( E ) and BDNF / HD1 ( F ). Correlation data (coefficient and p value) are shown in the plot.

Article Snippet: Conventional DuoSet ® Kits were used for human βNGF (DY256-05) and BDNF (DY248-05) detection (R&D Systems, McKinley Place, Minneapolis, MN, USA).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: NGF, BDNF, and NO in Myopic Subjects: Relationships Between Aqueous Levels and Lens Epithelial Cells’ Activation

doi: 10.3390/ijms26136350

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic representation of the main outcomes of the study. Graphical abstract reporting the molecular, biochemical, and potential screening (high myopia vs. myopia) targets over an open schematic eyeball. NGF, BDNF, oxidative stress and epigenetic results are shown in bold if significantly expressed in both aqueous (protein) and LEC (transcripts) extracts from myopia and high myopia. The differential pattern of expression between NGF and BDNF, both proteins and transcripts, would suggest the involvement of both neurotrophins at any stage of myopia, as suggested by the upregulation of the pan-neurotrophin p75 NTR receptor. Oxidative stress ( iNOS and NOX4 ) targets are overexpressed at high myopia, while a high KEAP1 / NRF2 ratio was observed in both cases. Finally, an epigenetic involvement was observed by the upregulation of both DNMT3α and HD1 enzymes. Form the analysis of the targets (see black frame), a list of potential candidate «screening» targets between myopia and high myopia (red frame) appear as suitable differential profile targets of expression (yellow).

Article Snippet: Conventional DuoSet ® Kits were used for human βNGF (DY256-05) and BDNF (DY248-05) detection (R&D Systems, McKinley Place, Minneapolis, MN, USA).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Molecular neurobiology

Article Title: Specific Mode Electroacupuncture Stimulation Mediates the Delivery of NGF Across the Hippocampus Blood-Brain Barrier Through p65-VEGFA-TJs to Improve the Cognitive Function of MCAO/R Convalescent Rats.

doi: 10.1007/s12035-024-04337-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 2 The protein of mNGF expression in the M1 and various cognitive-related brain regions as measured by ELISA. A, B, C, D, E, F The NGF + SMES group had signifi- cant effect except PrL and MS. The results are demonstrated as the mean ± SEM (n = 5, each group).*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001 vs. NGF + SMES group. G The hippocampus had significant effect. The results are dem- onstrated as the mean ± SEM (n = 5, each group). **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001 vs. hippocampus group. a, b, c, d, e, f Compared with the MCAO/R group, NGF group, or NGF + SMES + PDTC group, NGF + SMES group had significant permeation effect in the M1, brain stem, and hippocampus. The results are demonstrated as the mean ± SEM (n = 5 or 8, each group). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ****P < 0.0001 vs. NGF + SMES group. g The hip- pocampus had significant effect. The results are demonstrated as the mean ± SEM (n = 6, each group). ****P < 0.0001 vs. hip- pocampus group

Article Snippet: Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay Following the manufacturer’s protocol, the NGF concentration in each brain sample was measured using a Mouse BetaNGF Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Kit (NBP2-81189, Novus).

Techniques: Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay